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» India - Overview
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| India - Overview |
FERTILIZERS PLANTS OF INDIA
India today is the third largest producer of nitrogenous
fertilizers in the world. There are at present 63 fertilizers
units manufacturing a wide range of nitrogenous and complex
fertilizers, including 38 units producing urea and 9 units
producing ammonium sulphate as a by-product. Besides,
there are about 79 units producing single superphosphate.
The production capacity of nitrogen has increased from
a modest 85,000 tonnes in 1951-52 to 105.20 lakh tonnes
as on 30 Novemver 1998 and that of phosphatic fertilizers
from 63,000 tonnes to 31.70 lakh tonnes of P2O5 during
the same period. Against the nominal production of 16,000
tonnes of nitrogen and 11,000 thousand tonnes of P2O5
in 1951-52, the country produced 100.86 lakh tonnes of
nitrogen and 29.76 lakh tonnes of P2O5 during 1997-98.
The public sector has been playing a dominant role in
the fertilizer industry.The first State-owned fertilizer
unit was set up in 1951 at Sindri in Bihar which was followed
by another plant at Nangal in Punjab. With the coming
up of another fertilizer plant at Trombay, the government
decided to bring all the public-sector fertilizer units
under the management of a single undertaking and the Fertilizer
Corporation of India (FCI) was accordingly incorporated
in January 1961. At present, there are nine public sector
undertakings under the administrative control of Department
of Fertilizers. FCI has now four units, one each at Sindri(Bihar),
Gorakhpur(U.P), Talcher (Orissa) and Ramagundam (Andhra
Pradesh). Other fertilizers plants under the control of
other undertakings are located at Bhatinda, Panipat, Vijaipur,
Trombay, Namrup, Durgapur, Cochin, Paradeep, Talcher and
Rourkela.
Indian Airlines is the major domestic air carrier of the country. It operates to 57 domestic stations (including Alliance Air operations) and 17 international stations in 14 countries, viz., Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Singapore, UAE, Oman, Myanmar, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain. Its operations, including Alliance Air covers 76 destinations including 16 abroad. The Airlines owns a fleet of eleven A-300, thirty A-320, twelve B-737 and three Dornier -228 aircraft. All Boeing B- 737 aircrafts are being operated by its wholly owned subsidiary Alliance Air.
Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited has been providing helicopter support services to the petroleum sector including ONGC, Oil India Limited and Hardy Exploration at Chennai. Apart from these, it also provides services to certain state governments and public sector undertakings and in the north-eastern states.
Foreign airlines carrying international passenger traffic to and from India existed long before Independence. Their operations are governed by bilateral agreements signed from time to time between the Government of India and the governments of respective countries. In 1980-81, the number of such airlines was 35. It rose to 49 in 1996-97.The share of foreign airlines in India's scheduled international traffic has increased. In 1971, their share was 55.58 per cent which went up to 65 per cent and declined to 58 per cent during 1972-75. It fell to 55.72 per cent in 1976 and further to 55.02 per cent in 1977. Between 1978 and 1990 it gradually increased and rose to 75.93 per cent. In 1996, the share was nearly 72 per cent.
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Delhi
